Term Paper About Atmosphere

Reflecting this principle, the Paris Agreement establishes common commitments, for example to global net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in the second half of this century, while allowing flexibility in mitigation efforts to accommodate different national capacities and circumstances (United Nations ).Considerable research has been devoted to assessing how national contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change might be quantified according to differing allocation schemes of responsibility and combinations of anthropogenic climate forcers (UNFCCC ).

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Of these 90 major carbon producers, 50 are investor-owned, 31 majority state-owned, and nine are current or former centrally planned state industries.

The activities of any carbon producer acquired over the course of the historical period are added to those of the acquiring corporation.

These include individual high emitters regardless of nationality (Chakravarty et al. They also include the major multinational fossil energy companies at the base of the carbon supply chain, who to date have no responsibility from marketed products under existing policy regimes, but whose prospective responsibilities are receiving growing attention in scholarly, policy, institutional investment, legal, and public spheres (Leone ) emissions can be traced to the products of a small number of major industrial carbon producers; 83 producers of coal, oil, natural gas, and 7 cement manufacturers.

While recent investigations have addressed the question of how national responsibilities might be shared between producers and consumers of carbon-intensive products (Davis and Caldeira , GMST, and global sea level (GSL).

Here, we present highlight results from best estimate parameter simulations that reflect the historical observations.

Term Paper About Atmosphere

In a non-linear model, the order of removal of contributions to total emissions has a potential influence on percent contributions.

Recent findings that nearly two-thirds of total industrial CO emissions can be traced to 90 major industrial carbon producers have drawn attention to their potential climate responsibilities.

Here, we use a simple climate model to quantify the contribution of historical (1880–2010) and recent (1980–2010) emissions traced to these producers to the historical rise in global atmospheric CO), ∼29–35% (GMST), and ∼11–14% (GSL) since 1980 (based on best-estimate parameters and accounting for uncertainty arising from the lack of data on aerosol forcings traced to producers).

Key factors affecting the relative contribution of nations to emissions and global mean surface temperature (GMST) increase include the emissions dates, and whether land-use change and forestry, non-CO).

Outside of the domain of the UNFCCC, broader societal discussions have begun to consider the climate responsibilities of non-state actors.